Effortless learning during sleep is the dream of many people—but the smell of roses may actually be the key to making that dream a reality.

According to an extensive new laboratory sleep study, German researchers found that smells have a very supportive effect on learning success when presented both during learning and sleep.

Researchers at the University of Freiburg—Medical Center, the Freiburg Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health (IGPP) and the Faculty of Biology at the University of Freiburg have now shown that this effect can be also achieved very easily outside the lab.

For the study, pupils in two school classes learned English vocabulary with and without scent sticks during the learning period and also at night—and the students remembered the vocabulary much better with a scent. The study was published in the Nature Group's Open Access journal Scientific Reports earlier this week.

"We showed that the supportive effect of fragrances works very reliably in everyday life and can be used in a targeted way," said study leader Dr. Jürgen Kornmeier, head of the Perception and Cognition Research Group at the Freiburg-based IGPP and scientist at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at the University of Freiburg—Medical Center in Germany.

For the study, first author and student teacher Franziska Neumann conducted several experiments with 54 students from two 6th grade classes in a school in southern Germany.

The young participants from the test group were asked to place rose-scented incense sticks on their desks at home while learning English vocabulary and on the bedside table next to the bed at night. In another experiment, they also placed the incense sticks on the table next to them during a vocabulary test at school during an English test. The results were compared with test results in which no incense sticks were used during one or more phases.

"The students showed a significant increase in learning success by about 30% if the incense sticks were used during both the learning and sleeping phases," says Neumann. The results also suggest that the additional use of the incense sticks during the vocabulary test promotes memory.

"One particular finding beyond the seminal initial study was, that the fragrance also works when it is present all night," says Kornmeier. "This makes the findings suitable for everyday use."

Previous studies had assumed that the fragrance must only be present during a particularly sensitive sleeping phase. However, since this sleep phase needs to be determined by an effortful measurement of brain activity through an electroencephalogram (EEG) in the sleep laboratory, this finding was not suitable for everyday use.

"Our study shows that we can make learning during sleep easier. And who would have thought that our nose could help considerably in this," says Kornmeier.

Reprinted from the University of Freiburg—Medical Center

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