The number of U.S. parents undertaking HIV adoptions is surging – from a trickle just five years ago. Most involve orphans from foreign countries, where they faced stigma, neglect and the risk of early death.

"I can't think of a more significant way to make an impact than to do this," said Margaret Fleming, a 74-year-old Chicagoan whose nine adopted children include three HIV-positive first-graders.

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