Unveiled after years of work, an energy startup in Massachusetts is claiming that in a few years they can produce, at scale, "the battery you need to fully retire coal and natural gas plants."

Hoping to solve the key challenge with renewable energy—that of storage—Form Energy's new battery technology, which they're calling the "Holy Grail," ditches lithium for one of the most abundant minerals on Earth: iron.

Many battery startups are looking to create a battery system that can reliably store the energy generated when the sun is shining and the wind is blowing for those periods of stillness and darkness when no energy can be created.

A deep-dive into Form Energy's inner-workings by the Wall Street Journal revealed this gem of a quote, that there is a "Cambrian Explosion" going on in the sector of batteries and energy storage.

WS has reported on this story every step of the way—analyzing new tech from hydrogen cells, to aluminum lava, to giant towers that lift and drop enormous metal weights.

Form Energy's battery uses the chemical reaction that creates rust, i.e. iron and oxygen, to store energy in a kind of technology known as stage transition, which harvests the energy given off by matter when it's stressed or changes form, for example from a gas to a liquid, or when a giant weight is lowered, held, and dropped again.

Understanding these technologies without being an expert in thermodynamics or chemistry simply involves accepting the fact that since matter is energy, energy can be stored and released in ordinary elements as they change form.

"Our first commercial product using our iron-air technology is optimized to store electricity for 100 hours at system costs competitive with legacy power plants," write Form on their website. "This product is our first step to tackling the biggest barrier to deep decarbonization: making renewable energy available when and where it's needed, even during multiple days of extreme weather, grid outages, or periods of low renewable generation."

"We've completed the science," says Form Energy's President and COO Ted Wiley, "what's left to do is scale up from lab-scale prototypes to grid-scale power plants."

Wiley from their location in Sommerville, Massachusetts added that "the modules will be one-tenth the cost of any technology available today for grid energy storage."

Inside the battery cells, thousands of tiny pieces of iron are exposed to oxygen and rust, but when the oxygen is removed, the iron-oxide goes back to iron. By controlling this process, the battery is charged and discharged.

According to WBUR News Boston, Form are planning to have their first 1 MW pilot project installed at the Great River Energy power plant in Minnesota by 2023.

Behind this relatively unknown firm are major investors like the Italian oil giant Eni, Amazon's Jeff Bezos, Microsoft founder Bill Gates' subsidiary Breakthrough Energy, and iron giant ArcelorMittal, who just committed $200 million in a series D funding round, hoping to acquire non-exclusive supply rights of iron for the company's batteries.

There are many other wonderful ideas of how to bring renewable energy storage to world markets, but not all of them will survive or attract the funding necessary to see their dreams realized.

However the free market, by selecting one firm's goods and services over another's, naturally moves the talented labor on to other sectors where it can be better utilized, meaning that as soon as a small pool of battery firms attract most of the investment money, hundreds of innovative energy nerds will be unleashed on other substantial problems in the society. A win-win.

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