According to this new study, mortality among children and adolescents decreased worldwide from nearly 14.2 million deaths in 1990 to just over 7.2 million deaths in 2015.

The article, written by corresponding author Nicholas J. Kassebaum and his Global Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health Collaboration colleagues, describes mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents 19 years old and younger in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. A composite indicator of income, education and fertility – called a Sociodemographic Index (SDI) – was developed for each geographic unit.

While the global child death rate is in decline, countries with lower SDIs had a greater share of the burden of death in 2015 compared with 1990, while the most deaths among children and adolescents occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

The report speculates one reason for growing inequality of disease among children and adolescents may be that geographical areas with the lowest SDIs have historically not received significant development assistance for health.

Limitations of the study include variations in the availability and quality of data.

"Timely, robust and comprehensive assessment of disease burden among children and adolescents provides information that is essential to health policy decision making in countries at all points along the spectrum of economic development," the article concludes.

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